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| MCP73861/2 Advanced Single or Dual Cell, Fully Integrated Li-Ion / Li-Polymer Charge Management Controllers Features * Linear Charge Management Controllers - Integrated Pass Transistor - Integrated Current Sense - Reverse-Blocking Protection * High-Accuracy Preset Voltage Regulation: + 0.5% * Four Selectable Voltage Regulation Options: - 4.1V, 4.2V - MCP73861 - 8.2V, 8.4V - MCP73862 * Programmable Charge Current: 1.2A Maximum * Programmable Safety Charge Timers * Preconditioning of Deeply Depleted Cells * Automatic End-of-Charge Control * Optional Continuous Cell Temperature Monitoring * Charge Status Output for Direct LED Drive * Fault Output for Direct LED Drive * Automatic Power-Down * Thermal Regulation * Temperature Range: -40C to 85C * Packaging: 16-Pin, 4 x 4 QFN Description The MCP7386X family of devices are highly advanced linear charge management controllers for use in spacelimited, cost-sensitive applications. The MCP73861 and MCP73862 combine high-accuracy constant voltage, constant current regulation, cell preconditioning, cell temperature monitoring, advanced safety timers, automatic charge termination, internal current sensing, reverse-blocking protection, and charge status and fault indication in a space-saving 16-pin, 4 x 4 QFN package. The MCP7386X provides a complete, fully-functional, stand-alone charge management solution with a minimum number of external components. The MCP73861 is targeted for applicatioins utilizing single-cell Lithium-Ion or Lithium-Polymer battery packs, while the MCP73862 is targeted for dual series cell Lithium-Ion or Lithium-Polymer battery packs. The MCP73861 has two selectable voltage-regulation options available (4.1V and 4.2V), for use with either coke or graphite anodes, and operates with an input voltage range of 4.5V to 12V. The MCP73862 has two selectable voltage-regulation options available (8.2V and 8.4V), for use with coke or graphite anodes, and operates with an input voltage range of 8.7V to 12V. The MCP7386X family of devices are fully specified over the ambient temperature range of -40C to +85C. Applications * * * * * * * Lithium-Ion/Lithium-Polymer Battery Chargers Personal Data Assistants Cellular Telephones Hand Held Instruments Cradle Chargers Digital Cameras MP3 Players Package Type STAT1 STAT2 16 VSET VDD1 VDD2 VSS1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 15 EN 14 VSS2 13 12 VBAT3 11 VBAT2 10 VBAT1 9 VSS3 MCP73861 MCP73862 PROG THREF THERM TIMER 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21893A-page 1 MCP73861/2 Typical Application 1.2A Lithium-Ion Battery Charger 5V 4.7F 2, 3 1 14 16 15 5 VDD VSET VBAT3 12 10, 11 V BAT 4.7 F THREF 6 EN 7 6.19 k STAT1 THERM 7.32 k 8 STAT2 TIMER 0.1 F VSS 4, 9, 13 PROG + Single Lithium-Ion - Cell MCP73861 Functional Block Diagram Direction Control VDD1 VDD2 G=0.001 4k VREF 1k PROG 90 k Charge Current Control Amplifier + - 11k VREF 110k 10k + VUVLO Charge Termination Comparator + 10k VREF Charge_OK Precon Precondition Comp. + 600k (1.65M) - VDD VBAT1 VBAT2 Voltage Control Amplifier + VBAT3 IREG/12 UVLO COMPARATOR Precondition Control 148.42k Constant Voltage/ Recharge Comp. + Power-On Delay VREF 300.04k VUVLO VREF(1.2V) 10.3k (8.58k) Drv Stat 1 IREG/12 Oscillator Charge Control, Charge Timers, And Status Logic Drv Stat 2 Charge_OK 1.58k Values in ( ) reflect the MCP73862 device EN Bias and Reference Generator VSET THREF 100k THERM 50k + 50k TIMER + Temperature Comparators VSS1 VSS2 VSS3 STAT1 STAT2 DS21893A-page 2 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73861/2 1.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Notice: Stresses above those listed under "Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Absolute Maximum Ratings VDDN ...............................................................................13.5V VBATN, VSET, EN, STAT1, STAT2 w.r.t. VSS .................................................................. -0.3 to (VDD+0.3)V PROG, THREF, THERM, TIMER w.r.t. VSS ..............-0.3 to 6V Maximum Junction Temperature, TJ ............ Internally Limited Storage temperature .....................................-65C to +150C ESD protection on all pins: Human Body Model (1.5 k in series with 100 pF).... 4 kV Machine Model (200 pF, No series resistance) ...........300V DC CHARACTERISTICS Electrical Specifications: Unless otherwise indicated, all limits apply for VDD= [VREG(Typ) + 0.3V] to 12V, TA = -40C to 85C. Typical values are at +25C, VDD = [VREG (typ.) + 1.0V] Parameters Supply Input Supply Voltage Supply Current UVLO Start Threshold VDD ISS VSTART 4.5 8.7 -- -- 4.25 8.45 UVLO Stop Threshold VSTOP 4.20 8.40 Voltage Regulation (Constant Voltage Mode) Regulated Output Voltage VREG 4.079 4.179 8.159 8.358 4.1 4.2 8.2 8.4 4.121 4.221 8.241 8.442 V V V V MCP73861, VSET = VSS MCP73861, VSET = VDD MCP73862, VSET = VSS MCP73862, VSET = VDD VDD = [VREG(Typ) + 1V], IOUT=10 mA TA = -5C to +55C Line Regulation Load Regulation Supply Ripple Attenuation |(VBAT/ VBAT)| /VDD |VBAT/VBAT| PSRR Sym Min Typ -- -- 0.17 0.53 4.5 8.8 4.4 8.7 Max 12 12 4 4 4.65 9.05 4.55 8.95 Units V V A mA V V V V MCP73861 MCP73862 Disabled Operating MCP73861 MCP73862 Conditions VDD Low-to-High MCP73861 MCP73862 VDD High-to-Low -- -- -- -- -- 0.025 0.01 60 42 28 0.23 0.25 0.25 -- -- -- 1 %/V % dB dB dB A VDD = [VREG(Typ)+1V] to 12V IOUT = 10 mA IOUT = 10 mA to 150 mA VDD = [VREG(Typ)+1V] IOUT = 10 mA, 10Hz to 1 kHz IOUT = 10 mA, 10Hz to 10 kHz IOUT = 10 mA, 10Hz to 1 MHz VDD < VBAT = VREG(Typ) Output Reverse-Leakage Current Fast Charge Current Regulation IDISCHARGE -- Current Regulation (Fast Charge Constant Current Mode) IREG 85 1020 425 100 1200 500 115 1380 575 mA mA mA PROG = OPEN PROG = VSS PROG = 1.6 k TA= -5C to +55C 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21893A-page 3 MCP73861/2 DC CHARACTERISTICS (Continued) Electrical Specifications: Unless otherwise indicated, all limits apply for VDD= [VREG(Typ) + 0.3V] to 12V, TA = -40C to 85C. Typical values are at +25C, VDD = [VREG (typ.) + 1.0V] Parameters Precondition Current Regulation Sym IPREG Min 5 60 25 Precondition Threshold Voltage VPTH 2.70 2.75 5.40 5.50 Charge Termination Charge Termination Current ITERM 6 70 32 Automatic Recharge Recharge Threshold Voltage VRTH VREG - VREG - VREG 300mV 200mV 100mV VREG - VREG - VREG 600mV 400mV 200mV Thermistor Reference Thermistor Reference Output Voltage Thermistor Reference Source Current Thermistor Reference Line Regulation Thermistor Reference Load Regulation Thermistor Comparator Upper Trip Threshold Upper Trip Point Hysteresis Lower Trip Threshold Lower Trip Point Hysteresis Input Bias Current Status Indicator - STAT1, STAT2 Sink Current Low Output Voltage Input Leakage Current Enable Input Input High Voltage Level Input Low Voltage Level Input Leakage Current VIH VIL ILK 1.4 -- -- -- -- 0.01 -- 0.8 1 V V A VENABLE = 12V ISINK VOL ILK 4 -- -- 8 200 0.01 12 400 1 mA mV A ISINK = 1 mA ISINK = 0 mA, VSTAT1,2 = 12V VT1 VT1HYS VT2 VT2HYS IBIAS 1.18 -- 0.59 -- -- 1.25 -50 0.62 80 -- 1.32 -- 0.66 -- 2 V mV V mV A VTHREF ITHREF |(VTHREF/ VTHREF)|/VDD Typ 10 120 50 2.80 2.85 5.60 5.70 Max 15 180 75 2.90 2.95 5.80 5.90 Units mA mA mA V V V V Conditions PROG = OPEN PROG = VSS PROG = 1.6 k TA=-5C to +55C MCP73861, VSET = VSS MCP73861, VSET = VDD MCP73862, VSET = VSS MCP73862, VSET = VDD VBAT Low-to-High Preconditioning Current Regulation (Trickle Charge Constant Current Mode) 8.5 90 41 11 120 50 mA mA mA PROG = OPEN PROG = VSS PROG = 1.6 k TA=-5C to +55C V V MCP73861 MCP73862 VBAT High-to-Low 2.475 200 - 2.55 -- 0.1 0.01 2.625 -- 0.25 0.10 V A %/V % TA = 25C, VDD = VREG(typ.) + 1V, ITHREF = 0 mA VDD = [VREG(Typ) + 1V] to 12V ITHREF = 0 mA to 0.20 mA |VTHREF/ VTHREF| DS21893A-page 4 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73861/2 DC CHARACTERISTICS (Continued) Electrical Specifications: Unless otherwise indicated, all limits apply for VDD= [VREG(Typ) + 0.3V] to 12V, TA = -40C to 85C. Typical values are at +25C, VDD = [VREG (typ.) + 1.0V] Parameters Thermal Shutdown Die Temperature Die Temperature Hysteresis TSD TSDHYS -- -- 155 10 -- -- C C Sym Min Typ Max Units Conditions AC CHARACTERISTICS Electrical Specifications: Unless otherwise indicated, all limits apply for VDD = [VREG (typ.) + 0.3V] to 12V, TA = -40C to 85C. Typical values are at +25C, VDD = [VREG (typ.) + 1.0V] Parameters UVLO Start Delay Current Regulation Transition Time Out of Preconditioning Current Rise Time Out of Preconditioning Fast Charge Safety Timer Period Preconditioning Charge Safety Timer Period Charge Termination Elapsed Time Termination Period Status Indicators Status Output turn-off Status Output turn-on tOFF tON -- -- -- -- 200 200 s s ISINK = 1 mA to 0 mA ISINK = 0 mA to 1 mA tTERM 2.2 3 3.8 Hours CTIMER = 0.1 F tDELAY tRISE tFAST -- -- 1.1 -- -- 1.5 1 1 1.9 ms ms Hours VBAT < VPTH to VBAT > VPTH IOUT Rising to 90% of IREG CTIMER = 0.1 F Sym tSTART Min -- Typ -- Max 5 Units ms Conditions VDD Low to High Preconditioning Current Regulation tPRECON 45 60 75 Minutes CTIMER = 0.1 F TEMPERATURE SPECIFICATIONS Electrical Specifications: Unless otherwise indicated, all limits apply for VDD = [VREG (typ.) + 0.3V] to 12V. Typical values are at +25C, VDD = [VREG (typ.) + 1.0V] Parameters Temperature Ranges Specified Temperature Range Operating Temperature Range Storage Temperature Range TA TJ TA -40 -40 -65 -- -- -- +85 +125 +150 C C C 4-Layer JC51-7 Standard Board, Natural Convection Sym Min Typ Max Units Conditions Thermal Package Resistances Thermal Resistance, 16-L, 4mm x 4mm QFN JA -- 37 -- C/W 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21893A-page 5 MCP73861/2 2.0 Note: TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES The graphs and tables provided following this note are a statistical summary based on a limited number of samples and are provided for informational purposes only. The performance characteristics listed herein are not tested or guaranteed. In some graphs or tables, the data presented may be outside the specified operating range (e.g., outside specified power supply range) and therefore outside the warranted range. NOTE: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD = [VREG(Typ) + 1V], IOUT = 10 mA and TA= +25C, Constant Voltage mode. 4.207 4.205 4.203 VBAT (V) MCP73861 VSET = VDD VDD = 5.2V 1.00 0.90 ISS (mA) MCP73861 VSET = VDD VDD = 5.2V 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 4.201 4.199 4.197 4.195 4.193 10 100 IOUT (mA) 1000 10 100 IOUT (mA) 1000 FIGURE 2-1: Battery Regulation Voltage (VBAT) vs. Charge Current (IOUT). 4.40 4.30 VBAT (V) MCP73861 VSET = VDD IOUT = 1000 mA FIGURE 2-4: Supply Current (ISS) vs. Charge Current (IOUT). 1.60 1.40 ISS (mA) 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 MCP73861 VSET = VDD IOUT = 1000 mA 4.20 4.10 4.00 3.90 3.80 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.0 10.5 12.0 VDD (V) 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.0 10.5 12.0 VDD (V) FIGURE 2-2: Battery Regulation Voltage (VBAT) vs. Supply Voltage (VDD). 4.207 4.205 4.203 VBAT (V) 4.201 4.199 4.197 4.195 4.193 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.0 10.5 12.0 VDD (V) MCP73861 VSET = VDD IOUT = 10 mA FIGURE 2-5: Supply Current (ISS) vs. Supply Voltage (VDD). 1.00 0.90 ISS (mA) 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.0 10.5 12.0 VDD (V) MCP73861 VSET = VDD IOUT = 10 mA FIGURE 2-3: Battery Regulation Voltage (VBAT) vs. Supply Voltage (VDD). FIGURE 2-6: Supply Current (ISS) vs. Supply Voltage (VDD). DS21893A-page 6 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73861/2 NOTE: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD = [VREG(Typ) + 1V], IOUT = 10 mA and TA= +25C, Constant Voltage mode. 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 1.60 1.40 +85C +25C -40C MCP73861 VSET = VDD IOUT = 10 mA IDISCHARGE (A) MCP73861 VSET = VDD VDD = VSS ISS (mA) 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 VBAT (V) 3.6 4.0 4.4 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 TA (C) FIGURE 2-7: Output Leakage Current (IDISCHARGE) vs. Battery Voltage (VBAT). 2.550 2.540 MCP73861 VSET = VDD ITHREF = 100 A FIGURE 2-10: Supply Current (ISS) vs. Ambient Temperature (TA). 4.207 4.205 4.203 MCP73861 VSET = VDD IOUT = 10 mA VTHREF (V) 2.530 2.520 2.510 2.500 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.0 10.5 12.0 VDD (V) VBAT (V) 4.201 4.199 4.197 4.195 4.193 10 20 30 40 50 60 60 70 70 -40 -30 -20 -10 TA (C) FIGURE 2-8: Thermistor Reference Voltage (VTHREF) vs. Supply Voltage (VDD). 2.520 MCP73861 VSET = VDD FIGURE 2-11: Battery Regulation Voltage (VBAT) vs. Ambient Temperature (TA). 2.520 2.515 VTHREF (V) 2.515 MCP73861 VSET = VDD ITHREF = 100 A VTHREF (V) 2.510 2.505 2.500 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 ITHREF (A) 2.510 2.505 2.500 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 TA (C) FIGURE 2-9: Thermistor Reference Voltage (VTHREF) vs. Thermistor Bias Current (ITHREF). FIGURE 2-12: Thermistor Reference Voltage (VTHREF) vs. Ambient Temperature (TA). 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21893A-page 7 80 80 0 MCP73861/2 NOTE: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD = [VREG(Typ) + 1V], IOUT = 10 mA and TA= +25C, Constant Voltage mode. 8.407 8.405 8.403 MCP73862 VSET = VDD VDD = 9.4V 1.00 0.90 MCP73862 VSET = VDD VDD = 9.4V VBAT (V) 8.401 8.399 8.397 8.395 8.393 10 100 IOUT (mA) 1000 ISS (mA) 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 10 100 IOUT (mA) 1000 FIGURE 2-13: Battery Regulation Voltage (VBAT) vs. Charge Current (IOUT). 8.407 8.405 8.403 MCP73862 VSET = VDD IOUT = 1000 mA FIGURE 2-16: Supply Current (ISS) vs. Charge Current (IOUT). 1.60 1.40 MCP73862 VSET = VDD IOUT = 1000 mA VBAT (V) 8.401 8.399 8.397 8.395 8.393 10.0 ISS (mA) 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 10.4 10.8 11.2 11.6 12.0 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 VDD (V) 11.0 11.5 12.0 VDD (V) FIGURE 2-14: Battery Regulation Voltage (VBAT) vs. Supply Voltage (VDD). 8.412 8.410 8.408 FIGURE 2-17: Supply Current (ISS) vs. Supply Voltage (VDD). 1.00 0.90 MCP73862 VSET = VDD IOUT = 10 mA MCP73862 VSET = VDD IOUT = 10 mA 8.406 8.404 8.402 8.400 8.398 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 VDD (V) 11.0 11.5 12.0 ISS (mA) VBAT (V) 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 VDD (V) 11.0 11.5 12.0 FIGURE 2-15: Battery Regulation Voltage (VBAT) vs. Supply Voltage (VDD). FIGURE 2-18: Supply Current (ISS) vs. Supply Voltage (VDD). DS21893A-page 8 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73861/2 NOTE: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD = [VREG(Typ) + 1V], IOUT = 10 mA and TA= +25C, Constant Voltage mode. 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 1.60 +85C +25C -40C IDISCHARGE (mA) MCP73862 VSET = VDD VDD = VSS 1.40 MCP73862 VSET = VDD IOUT = 10 mA ISS (mA) 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 70 70 -40 -30 -20 4.0 4.8 5.6 6.4 VBAT (V) 7.2 8.0 8.8 -10 TA (C) FIGURE 2-19: Output Leakage Current (IDISCHARGE) vs. Battery Voltage (VBAT). 2.570 2.560 MCP73862 VSET = VDD ITHREF = 100 A FIGURE 2-22: Supply Current (ISS) vs. Ambient Temperature (TA). 8.414 8.410 8.406 MCP73862 VSET = VDD IOUT = 10 mA VTHREF (V) VBAT (V) 8.402 8.398 8.394 8.390 2.550 2.540 2.530 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 VDD (V) 11.0 11.5 12.0 8.386 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 60 TA (C) FIGURE 2-20: Thermistor Reference Voltage (VTHREF) vs. Supply Voltage (VDD). 2.550 2.548 FIGURE 2-23: Battery Regulation Voltage (VBAT) vs. Ambient Temperature (TA). 2.550 2.546 MCP73862 VSET = VDD MCP73862 VSET = VDD ITHREF = 100 A VTHREF (V) VTHREF (V) 2.546 2.544 2.542 2.540 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 2.542 2.538 2.534 2.530 0 10 20 30 40 50 -40 -30 -20 ITHREF (A) -10 TA (C) FIGURE 2-21: Thermistor Reference Voltage (VTHREF) vs. Thermistor Bias Current (ITHREF). FIGURE 2-24: Thermistor Reference Voltage (VTHREF) vs. Ambient Temperature (TA). 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21893A-page 9 80 80 80 MCP73861/2 NOTE: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD = [VREG(Typ) + 1V], IOUT = 10 mA and TA= +25C, Constant Voltage mode. FIGURE 2-25: Line Transient Response. FIGURE 2-28: Line Transient Response. FIGURE 2-26: 0 -10 Load Transient Response. FIGURE 2-29: 0 -10 Attenuation (dB) -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 0.01 Load Transient Response. Attenuation (dB) -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 MCP73861 VDD = 5.2V VAC = 100 mVp-p IOUT = 10 mA COUT = 10 F, Ceramic MCP73861 VDD = 5.2V VAC = 100 mVp-p IOUT = 100 mA COUT = 10 F, X7R, Ceramic -80 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 0.1 1 10 100 1000 Frequency (kHz) Frequency (kHz) FIGURE 2-27: Rejection. Power Supply Ripple FIGURE 2-30: Rejection. Power Supply Ripple DS21893A-page 10 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73861/2 NOTE: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD = [VREG(Typ) + 1V], IOUT = 10 mA and TA= +25C, Constant Voltage mode. 1200 1000 IOUT (mA) 800 600 400 200 0 OPEN 505 503 IOUT (mA) 501 499 497 495 493 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 4.8K 1.6K RPROG () 536 0 80 MCP73861/2 VSET = VDD RPROG = 1.6 k MCP73861/2 VSET = VDD TA (C) FIGURE 2-31: Charge Current (IOUT) vs. Programming Resistor (RPROG). FIGURE 2-32: Charge Current (IOUT) vs. Ambient Temperature (TA). 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21893A-page 11 MCP73861/2 3.0 PIN DESCRIPTION PIN FUNCTION TABLES Symbol VSET VDD1 VDD2 VSS1 PROG THREF THERM TIMER VSS3 VBAT1 VBAT2 VBAT3 VSS2 EN STAT2 STAT1 Voltage Regulation Selection Battery Management Input Supply Battery Management Input Supply Battery Management 0V Reference Current Regulation Set Cell Temperature Sensor Bias Cell Temperature Sensor Input Timer Set Battery Management 0V Reference Battery Charge Control Output Battery Charge Control Output Battery Voltage Sense Battery Management 0V Reference Logic Enable Fault Status Output Charge Status Output Function The descriptions of the pins are listed in Table 3-1. TABLE 3-1: Pin No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 3.1 Voltage Regulation Selection (VSET) 3.7 3.8 Timer Set Battery Charge Control Output (VBAT1, VBAT2) All safety timers are scaled by CTIMER/0.1 F. MCP73861: Connect to VSS for 4.1V regulation voltage, connect to VDD for 4.2V regulation voltage. MCP73862: Connect to VSS for 8.2V regulation voltage, connect to VDD for 8.4V regulation voltage. 3.2 Battery Management Input Supply (VDD2, VDD1) Connect to positive terminal of battery. Drain terminal of internal P-channel MOSFET pass transistor. Bypass to VSS with a minimum of 4.7 F to ensure loop stability when the battery is disconnected. A supply voltage of [VREG(Typ) + 0.3V] to 12V is recommended. Bypass to VSS with a minimum of 4.7 F. 3.9 Battery Voltage Sense (VBAT3) 3.3 Battery Management 0V Reference (VSS1, VSS2, VSS3) Voltage sense input. Connect to positive terminal of battery. A precision internal resistor divider regulates the final voltage on this pin to VREG. 3.10 Logic Enable (EN) Connect to negative terminal of battery and input supply. Input to force charge termination, initiate charge, clear faults or disable automatic recharge. 3.4 Current Regulation Set (PROG) 3.11 Fault Status Output (STAT2) Preconditioning, fast and termination currents are scaled by placing a resistor from PROG to VSS. 3.5 Cell Temperature Sensor Bias (THREF) Current-limited, open-drain drive for direct connection to a LED for charge status indication. Alternatively, a pull-up resistor can be applied for interfacing to a host microcontroller. 3.12 Charge Status Output (STAT1) Voltage reference to bias external thermistor for continuous cell-temperature monitoring and pre-qualification. 3.6 Cell Temperature Sensor Input (THERM) Current limited, open-drain drive for direct connection to an LED for charge status indication. Alternatively, a pull-up resistor can be applied for interfacing to a host microcontroller. Input for an external thermistor for continuous celltemperature monitoring and pre-qualification. Connect to THREF/3 to disable temperature sensing. 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21893A-page 12 MCP73861/2 4.0 DEVICE OVERVIEW 4.1V and 8.2V, respectively. With VSET tied to VDD, the MCP73861 and MCP73862 regulate to 4.2V and 8.4V, respectively. The MCP7386X family of devices are highly advanced linear charge management controllers. Refer to the functional block diagram. Figure 4-2 depicts the operational flow algorithm from charge initiation to completion and automatic recharge. 4.4 4.1 Charge Qualification and Preconditioning Charge Cycle Completion and Automatic Re-Charge Upon insertion of a battery or application of an external supply, the MCP7386X family of devices automatically performs a series of safety checks to qualify the charge. The input source voltage must be above the undervoltage lockout threshold, the enable pin must be above the logic-high level and the cell temperature must be within the upper and lower thresholds. The qualification parameters are continuously monitored. Deviation beyond the limits automatically suspends or terminates the charge cycle. The input voltage must deviate below the undervoltage lockout stop threshold for at least one clock period to be considered valid. After the qualification parameters have been met, the MCP7386X initiates a charge cycle. The charge status output is pulled low throughout the charge cycle (see Table 5-1 for charge status outputs). If the battery voltage is below the preconditioning threshold (VPTH) the MCP7386X preconditions the battery with a tricklecharge. The preconditioning current is set to approximately 10% of the fast charge regulation current. The preconditioning trickle-charge safely replenishes deeply depleted cells and minimizes heat dissipation during the initial charge cycle. If the battery voltage has not exceeded the preconditioning threshold before the preconditioning timer has expired, a fault is indicated and the charge cycle is terminated. The MCP7386X monitors the charging current during the constant voltage regulation phase. The charge cycle is considered complete when the charge current has diminished below approximately 8% of the regulation current (IREG) or the elapsed timer has expired. The MCP7386X automatically begins a new charge cycle when the battery voltage falls below the recharge threshold (VRTH) assuming all the qualification parameters are met. 4.5 Thermal Regulation The MCP7386X family limits the charge current based on the die temperature. Thermal regulation optimizes the charge cycle time while maintaining device reliability. If thermal regulation is entered, the timer is automatically slowed down to ensure that a charge cycle will not terminate prematurely. Figure 4-1 depicts the thermal regulation profile. 1400 Maximum Charge Current (mA) 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Die Temperature ( C) Minimum Maximum 4.2 Constant Current Regulation Fast Charge Preconditioning ends, and fast charging begins, when the battery voltage exceeds the preconditioning threshold. Fast charge regulates to a constant current (IREG), which is set via an external resistor connected to the PROG pin. Fast charge continues until the battery voltage reaches the regulation voltage (VREG), or the fast charge timer expires; in which case, a fault is indicated and the charge cycle is terminated. FIGURE 4-1: Typical Maximum Charge Current vs. Die Temperature. 4.6 Thermal Shutdown 4.3 Constant Voltage Regulation When the battery voltage reaches the regulation voltage (VREG) constant voltage regulation begins. The MCP7386X monitors the battery voltage at the VBAT pin. This input is tied directly to the positive terminal of the battery. The MCP7386X selects the voltage regulation value based on the state of the VSET. With VSET tied to VSS, the MCP73861 and MCP73862 regulate to The MCP7386X family suspends charge if the die temperature exceeds 155C. Charging will resume when the die temperature has cooled by approximately 10C. The thermal shutdown is a secondary safety feature in the event that there is a failure within the thermal regulation circuitry. 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21893A-page 13 DS21893A-page 14 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73861/2 Initialize Note 1: The qualification parameters are continuously monitored throughout the charge cycle. Refer to Section 4.1, "Charge Qualification and Preconditioning", for details. The charge current will be scaled based on the die temperature during thermal regulation. Refer to Section 4.5, "Thermal Regulation", for details. NOTE 1 Note 2: VDD > VUVLO EN High Yes No STAT1 = Off STAT2 = Off NOTE 1 Temperature OK Yes No STAT1 = Off STAT2 = Flashing Charge Current = 0 STAT1 = On STAT2 = Off Preconditioning Phase Charge Current = IPREG Reset Safety Timer No VBAT > VPTH Yes Constant Current NOTE 2 Phase Charge Current = IREG Reset Safety Timer VBAT > VPTH Yes Constant Voltage Phase Output Voltage = VREG VBAT = VREG No Safety Timer Expired No Yes VDD < VUVLO or EN Low No STAT1 = Off STAT2 = On Yes Yes Fault Charge Current = 0 Reset Safety Timer Yes No Safety Timer Expired No Yes IOUT < ITERM Elapsed Timer Expired No Yes Temperature OK Yes Charge Termination Charge Current = 0 Reset Safety Timer VDD < VUVLO VBAT < VRTH or EN Low Yes No STAT1 = Flashing STAT2 = Off Temperature OK Temperature OK No STAT1 = Off STAT2 = Flashing Safety Timer Suspended Charge Current = 0 No STAT1 = Flashing Safety Timer Suspended Charge Current = 0 No Yes STAT1 = Off STAT2 = Flashing Safety Timer Suspended Charge Current = 0 FIGURE 4-2: Operational Flow Algorithm. MCP73861/2 5.0 5.1 5.1.1 DETAILED DESCRIPTION Analog Circuitry BATTERY MANAGEMENT INPUT SUPPLY (VDD1, VDD2) Figure 6-1 depicts a typical application circuit with connection of the THERM input. The resistor values of RT1 and RT2 are calculated with the following equations. For NTC thermistors: 2 x RCOLD x RHOT R T1 = ---------------------------------------------RCOLD - RHOT 2 x RCOLD x RHOT R T2 = ---------------------------------------------RCOLD - 3 x RHOT For PTC thermistors: 2 x RCOLD x RHOT R T1 = ---------------------------------------------RHOT - RCOLD 2 x RCOLD x RHOT R T2 = ---------------------------------------------RHOT - 3 x RCOLD Where: RCOLD and RHOT are the thermistor resistance values at the temperature window of interest. Applying a voltage equal to VTHREF/3 to the THERM input disables temperature monitoring. The VDD input is the input supply to the MCP7386X. The MCP7386X automatically enters a Power-down mode if the voltage on the VDD input falls below the undervoltage lockout voltage (VSTOP). This feature prevents draining the battery pack when the VDD supply is not present. 5.1.2 PROG INPUT Fast charge current regulation can be scaled by placing a programming resistor (RPROG) from the PROG input to VSS. Connecting the PROG input to VSS allows for a maximum fast charge current of 1.2A, typically. The minimum fast charge current is 100 mA, set by letting the PROG input float. The following formula calculates the value for RPROG: 13.2 - 11 x I REG R PROG = ---------------------------------------12 x I REG - 1.2 where: IREG is the desired fast charge current in amps RPROG is in k. The preconditioning trickle-charge current and the charge termination current are scaled to approximately 10% and 8% of IREG, respectively. 5.1.5 TIMER SET INPUT (TIMER) The TIMER input programs the period of the safety timers by placing a timing capacitor (CTIMER), between the TIMER input pin and VSS. Three safety timers are programmed via the timing capacitor. The preconditioning safety timer period: C TIMER tPRECON = ------------------ x 1.0Hour s 0.1F The fast charge safety timer period: C TIMER t FAST = ------------------ x 1.5Hours 0.1F And, the elapsed time termination period: C TIMER t TERM = ------------------ x 3.0Hours 0.1F The preconditioning timer starts after qualification and resets when the charge cycle transitions to the constant current, fast charge phase. The fast charge timer and the elapsed timer start after the MCP7386X transitions from preconditioning. The fast charge timer resets when the charge cycle transitions to the constant voltage phase. The elapsed timer will expire and terminate the charge if the sensed current does not diminish below the termination threshold. During thermal regulation, the timer is slowed down proportional to the charge current. 5.1.3 CELL TEMPERATURE SENSOR BIAS (THREF) A 2.5V voltage reference is provided to bias an external thermistor for continuous cell temperature monitoring and pre-qualification. A ratio metric window comparison is performed at threshold levels of VTHREF/2 and VTHREF/4. 5.1.4 CELL TEMPERATURE SENSOR INPUT (THERM) The MCP73861 and MCP73862 continuously monitor temperature by comparing the voltage between the THERM input and VSS with the upper and lower temperature thresholds. A negative or positive temperature coefficient, NTC or PTC, thermistor and an external voltage-divider typically develop this voltage. The temperature sensing circuit has its own reference to which it performs a ratio metric comparison. Therefore, it is immune to fluctuations in the supply input (VDD). The temperature-sensing circuit is removed from the system when VDD is not applied, eliminating additional discharge of the battery pack. 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21893A-page 15 MCP73861/2 5.1.6 BATTERY VOLTAGE SENSE (VBAT3) The MCP7386X monitors the battery voltage at the VBAT3 pin. This input is tied directly to the positive terminal of the battery pack. The flashing rate (1 Hz) is based off a timer capacitor (CTIMER) of 0.1 F. The rate will vary based on the value of the timer capacitor. During a FAULT condition, the STAT1 status output will be off and the STAT2 status output will be on. To recover from a FAULT condition, the input voltage must be removed and then reapplied, or the enable input (EN) must be de-asserted to a logic-low, then asserted to a logic-high. When the voltage on the THERM input is outside the preset window, the charge cycle will not start, or will be suspended. The charge cycle is not terminated and recovery is automatic. The charge cycle will resume or start once the THERM input is valid and all other qualification parameters are met. During an invalid THERM condition, the STAT1 status output will be off and the STAT2 status output will flash. 5.1.7 BATTERY CHARGE CONTROL OUTPUT (VBAT1, VBAT2) The battery charge control output is the drain terminal of an internal P-channel MOSFET. The MCP7386X provides constant current, constant voltage regulation to the battery pack by controlling this MOSFET in the linear region. The battery charge control output should be connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack. 5.2 5.2.1 Digital Circuitry CHARGE STATUS OUTPUTS (STAT1,STAT2) 5.2.2 VSET INPUT Two status outputs provide information on the state of charge. The current-limited, open-drain outputs can be used to illuminate external LEDs. Optionally, a pull-up resistor can be used on the output for communication with a host microcontroller. Table 5-1 summarizes the state of the status outputs during a charge cycle. The VSET input selects the regulated output voltage of the MCP7386X. With VSET tied to VSS, the MCP73861 and MCP73862 regulate to 4.1V and 8.2V, respectively. With VSET tied to VDD, the MCP73861 and MCP73862 regulate to 4.2V and 8.4V, respectively. 5.2.3 LOGIC ENABLE (EN) TABLE 5-1: CHARGE CYCLE STAT1 Qualification Preconditioning Constant Current Fast Charge Constant Voltage Charge Complete Fault THERM Invalid Disabled - Sleep mode Input Voltage Disconnected STATUS OUTPUTS STAT1 Off On On STAT2 Off Off Off The logic enable input pin (EN) can be used to terminate a charge at any time during the charge cycle, as well as to initiate a charge cycle or initiate a recharge cycle. Applying a logic-high input signal to the EN pin, or tying it to the input source, enables the device. Applying a logic-low input signal disables the device and terminates a charge cycle. When disabled, the device's supply current is reduced to 0.17 A, typically. On Flashing (1Hz, 50% duty cycle) Off Off Off Off Off Off On Flashing (1Hz, 50% duty cycle) Off Off Note: Off state: open-drain is high-impedance; On state: open-drain can sink current, typically 7 mA; Flashing: toggles between off state and on state. DS21893A-page 16 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73861/2 6.0 APPLICATIONS The MCP7386X are designed to operate in conjunction with a host microcontroller or in stand-alone applications. The MCP7386X provides the preferred charge algorithm for Lithium-Ion and Lithium-Polymer cells, constant current followed by constant voltage. Figure 6-1 depicts a typical stand-alone application circuit and Figures 6-2 and 6-3 depict the accompanying charge profile. Unregulated Wall Cube STAT1 16 VSET VDD1 VDD2 VSS1 1 2 3 4 5 STAT2 15 EN VSS2 14 13 12 VBAT3 VBAT2 VBAT1 VSS3 MCP73861 11 10 9 + Single - Lithium-Ion Cell 6 THREF THERM 7 PROG RPROG 8 TIMER CTIMER RT1 RT2 FIGURE 6-1: Typical Application Circuit. Preconditioning Mode Constant Current Mode Constant Voltage Mode Regulation Voltage (VREG) Regulation Current (IREG) Charge Voltage Transition Threshold (VPTH) Precondition Current (IPREG) Termination Current (ITERM) Precondition Safety Timer Fast Charge Safety Timer Charge Current Elapsed Time Termination Timer FIGURE 6-2: Typical Charge Profile. 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21893A-page 17 MCP73861/2 Preconditioning Mode Regulation Voltage (VREG) Regulation Current (IREG) Constant Current Mode Constant Voltage Mode Charge Voltage Transition Threshold (VPTH) Precondition Current (IPREG) Termination Current (ITERM) Precondition Safety Timer Fast Charge Safety Timer Elapsed Time Termination Timer Charge Current FIGURE 6-3: Typical Charge Profile in Thermal Regulation. 1200 mA is the maximum charge current obtainable from the MCP7386X. For this situation, the PROG input should be connected directly to VSS. 6.1 Application Circuit Design Due to the low efficiency of linear charging, the most important factors are thermal design and cost, which are a direct function of the input voltage, output current and thermal impedance between the battery charger and the ambient cooling air. The worst-case situation is when the device has transitioned from the preconditioning phase to the constant current phase. In this situation, the battery charger has to dissipate the maximum power. A trade-off must be made between the charge current, cost and thermal requirements of the charger. 6.1.1.2 Thermal Considerations The worst-case power dissipation in the battery charger occurs when the input voltage is at the maximum and the device has transitioned from the preconditioning phase to the constant current phase. In this case, the power dissipation is: PowerDissipation = ( V DDMAX - V PTHMIN ) x I REGMAX 6.1.1 COMPONENT SELECTION Where: VDDMAX is the maximum input voltage IREGMAX is the maximum fast charge current VPTHMIN is the minimum transition threshold voltage. Selection of the external components in Figure 6-1 is crucial to the integrity and reliability of the charging system. The following discussion is intended as a guide for the component selection process. 6.1.1.1 Current Programming Resistor (RPROG) The preferred fast charge current for Lithium-Ion cells is at the 1C rate, with an absolute maximum current at the 2C rate. For example, a 500 mAh battery pack has a preferred fast charge current of 500 mA. Charging at this rate provides the shortest charge cycle times without degradation to the battery pack performance or life. DS21893A-page 18 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73861/2 Power dissipation with a 5V, 10% input voltage source is: PowerDissipation = ( 5.5V - 2.7V ) x 575mA = 1.61W 6.2 PCB Layout Issues With the battery charger mounted on a 1 in2 pad of 1 oz. copper, the junction temperature rise is 60C, approximately. This would allow for a maximum operating ambient temperature of 50C before thermal regulation is entered. For optimum voltage regulation, place the battery pack as close as possible to the device's VBAT and VSS pins. It is recommended to minimize voltage drops along the high current carrying PCB traces. If the PCB layout is used as a heatsink, adding many vias in the heatsink pad can help conduct more heat to the back-plane of the PCB, thus reducing the maximum junction temperature. 6.1.1.3 External Capacitors The MCP7386X is stable with or without a battery load. In order to maintain good AC stability in the Constant Voltage mode, a minimum capacitance of 4.7 F is recommended to bypass the VBAT pin to VSS. This capacitance provides compensation when there is no battery load. In addition, the battery and interconnections appear inductive at high frequencies. These elements are in the control feedback loop during constant voltage mode. Therefore, the bypass capacitance may be necessary to compensate for the inductive nature of the battery pack. Virtually any good quality output filter capacitor can be used, independent of the capacitor's minimum Effective Series Resistance (ESR) value. The actual value of the capacitor and its associated ESR depends on the output load current. A 4.7 F ceramic, tantalum or aluminum electrolytic capacitor at the output is usually sufficient to ensure stability for up to a 1A output current. 6.1.1.4 Reverse-Blocking Protection The MCP7386X provides protection from a faulted or shorted input, or from a reversed-polarity input source. Without the protection, a faulted or shorted input would discharge the battery pack through the body diode of the internal pass transistor. 6.1.1.5 Enable Interface In the stand-alone configuration, the enable pin is generally tied to the input voltage. The MCP7386X automatically enters a low-power mode when voltage on the VDD input falls below the undervoltage lockout voltage (VSTOP) reducing the battery drain current to 0.23 A, typically. 6.1.1.6 Charge Status Interface Two status outputs provide information on the state of charge. The current-limited, open-drain outputs can be used to illuminate external LEDs. Refer to Table 5-1 for a summary of the state of the status outputs during a charge cycle. 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21893A-page 19 MCP73861/2 7.0 7.1 PACKAGING INFORMATION Package Marking Information 16-Lead QFN 16 1 2 3 4 15 14 13 12 1 2 3 4 5 Example: 16 15 14 13 12 XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX YYWW NNN 5 6 7 8 11 10 9 G3861 I/ML 0412 256 6 7 8 11 10 9 Legend: XX...X YY WW NNN Customer specific information* Year code (last 2 digits of calendar year) Week code (week of January 1 is week `01') Alphanumeric traceability code Note: In the event the full Microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will be carried over to the next line thus limiting the number of available characters for customer specific information. * Standard OTP marking consists of Microchip part number, year code, week code, and traceability code. DS21893A-page 20 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73861/2 16-Lead Plastic Quad Flat No Lead Package (ML) 4x4x0.9 mm Body (QFN) - Saw Singulated D EXPOSED METAL PAD D1 e E E1 2 1 b TOP VIEW OPTIONAL INDEX AREA n BOTTOM VIEW L A A3 A1 Number of Pins Pitch Overall Height Standoff Contact Thickness Overall Width Exposed Pad Width Overall Length Exposed Pad Length Contact Width Contact Length Units Dimension Limits n e A A1 A3 E E2 D D2 b L MIN .031 .000 .152 .100 .152 .100 .010 .012 INCHES NOM 16 .026 BSC .035 .001 .008 REF .157 .106 .157 .106 .012 .016 MAX MIN .039 .002 .163 .110 .163 .110 .014 .020 MILLIMETERS* NOM 16 0.65 BSC 0.80 0.90 0.00 0.02 0.20 REF 4.00 3.85 2.55 2.70 3.85 4.00 2.55 2.70 0.25 0.30 0.30 0.40 MAX 1.00 0.05 4.15 2.80 4.15 2.80 0.35 0.50 *Controlling Parameter Notes: JEDEC equivalent: MO-220 Drawing No. C04-127 Revised 04-24-05 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21893A-page 21 MCP73861/2 NOTES: DS21893A-page 22 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73861/2 PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM To order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, refer to the factory or the listed sales office. PART NO. Device X Temperature Range XX Package Examples: a) b) a) Device MCP73861: MCP73861T: MCP73862: MCP73862T: Single-cell charge controller with temperature monitor Single-cell charge controller with temperature monitor, Tape and Reel Dual series cells charge controller with temperature monitor Dual series cells charge controller with temperature monitor, Tape and Reel b) MCP73861T-I/MLG: Tape and Reel, Single Cell Controller MCP73861-I/MLG: Single Cell Controller MCP73862T-I/MLG: Tape and Reel, Dual Series Controller MCP73862-I/MLG: Dual Series Controller Temperature Range I = -40C to +85C (Industrial) Package Lead Finish ML G = Plastic Quad Flat No Lead, 4x4 mm Body (QFN), 16-lead = Matte Tin (Pure Sn) Sales and Support Data Sheets Products supported by a preliminary Data Sheet may have an errata sheet describing minor operational differences and recommended workarounds. To determine if an errata sheet exists for a particular device, please contact one of the following: 1. 2. 3. Your local Microchip sales office The Microchip Corporate Literature Center U.S. FAX: (480) 792-7277 The Microchip Worldwide Site (www.microchip.com) Please specify which device, revision of silicon and Data Sheet (include Literature #) you are using. Customer Notification System Register on our web site (www.microchip.com/cn) to receive the most current information on our products. 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21893A-page 23 MCP73861/2 NOTES: DS21893A-page 24 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices: * * Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet. Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions. There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip's Data Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property. Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code. Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing the product as "unbreakable." * * * Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our products. Attempts to break Microchip's code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act. Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is intended through suggestion only and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. No representation or warranty is given and no liability is assumed by Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such use or otherwise. Use of Microchip's products as critical components in life support systems is not authorized except with express written approval by Microchip. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any intellectual property rights. Trademarks The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, Accuron, dsPIC, KEELOQ, microID, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICSTART, PRO MATE, PowerSmart, rfPIC, and SmartShunt are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. AmpLab, FilterLab, MXDEV, MXLAB, PICMASTER, SEEVAL, SmartSensor and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, dsPICworks, ECAN, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, FlexROM, fuzzyLAB, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, ICEPIC, Migratable Memory, MPASM, MPLIB, MPLINK, MPSIM, PICkit, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICLAB, PICtail, PowerCal, PowerInfo, PowerMate, PowerTool, rfLAB, rfPICDEM, Select Mode, Smart Serial, SmartTel and Total Endurance are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. (c) 2004, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the U.S.A., All Rights Reserved. Printed on recycled paper. Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2002 quality system certification for its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and Tempe, Arizona and Mountain View, California in October 2003. The Company's quality system processes and procedures are for its PICmicro(R) 8-bit MCUs, KEELOQ(R) code hopping devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and analog products. In addition, Microchip's quality system for the design and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified. 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. 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